Another important finding from the study is the phenomenon of "negative representation." This is when an overall shift to the left in voter opinions results in a rightward shift in the election outcome, or vice versa.
This can happen, for example, if voters are faced with a choice between a center-left candidate and a far-right candidate. If the overall sentiments of the electorate move further to the left, that may result in more far-left voters deciding to stay home on election day because the centrist candidate's views are too far removed from their own. As a result, the far-right candidate ends up winning. Or, if a rightward swing in the electorate leads to the nomination of an extreme far-right candidate, that may increase the odds of a more liberal candidate winning the general election. "This negative representation undermines the entire purpose of democratic elections," Siegenfeld says.
https://phys.org/news/2020-01-physics-democratic-elections.html
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